Hydrogen vehicle


The 2015 Toyota FCV, one of the first hydrogen fuel cell vehicles to be sold commercially[1]
A hydrogen vehicle is a vehicle that uses hydrogen as its onboard fuel for motive power. Hydrogen vehicles include hydrogen fueled space rockets, as well as automobiles and other transportation vehicles. The power plants of such vehicles convert the chemical energy of hydrogen to mechanical energy either by burning hydrogen in an internal combustion engine, or by reacting hydrogen with oxygen in a fuel cell to run electric motors. Widespread use of hydrogen for fueling transportation is a key element of a proposed hydrogen economy.[2]
Hydrogen fuel does not occur naturally on Earth and thus is not an energy source; rather it is an energy carrier. It is most frequently made from methane or other fossil fuels, but it can be produced using sources (such as wind, solar, or nuclear) that are intermittent, however the conversion loss to chemical energy makes the approach uneconomical on a large scale. Integrated wind-to-hydrogen (power to gas) plants, using  are exploring technologies to deliver costs low enough, and quantities great enough, to compete with traditional energy sources.[3] There are various ways to produce hydrogen fuel such as: natural gas, coal, nuclear power, and renewable resources. By use of thermochemical processes one can produce hydrogen from biomass, coal, natural gas and petroleum. Production of hydrogen electrolytically can also be demonstrated experimentally for power generated by use of sunlight, wind and nuclear sources. In addition to this, sunlight alone can drive photolytic production of hydrogen from water by use of advanced photocatalytic water splitting and photo biological processes however none of these approaches can compete with the low cost and abundance of natural gas produced by the hydraulic fracturing
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